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Bishop (artillery)
The Bishop was the nickname of a British self-propelled artillery vehicle based on the Valentine tank, armed with the 25 pounder gun-howitzer, which could fire an HE shell or an armour-piercing shell. A result of a rushed attempt to create a self-propelled gun, the vehicle had numerous problems, was produced in limited numbers and was soon replaced by better designs.
==Design and development==
The rapid manoeuvre warfare practiced in the North African Campaign led to a requirement for a self-propelled artillery vehicle armed with the 25-pounder gun-howitzer. In June 1941 the development was entrusted to the Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company. A prototype was ready for trials by August and ordered by November 1941.〔''The complete guide to tanks and armoured fighting vehicles'', p 312, ISBN 978-1-84681-110-4〕 The result was a vehicle with the formal title: "Ordnance QF 25-pdr on Carrier Valentine 25-pdr Mk 1".
The vehicle was based on the Valentine II hull, with the turret replaced by a fixed boxy superstructure with large rear doors. It was nicknamed the "Bishop" for its high mitre-like superstructure. 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=QF 25-pdr Bishop )〕
Into this superstructure the 25-pounder gun-howitzer was fitted. As a consequence of the gun mounting the resulting vehicle had very high silhouette, which is a disadvantage in desert warfare.〔 The maximum elevation for the gun was limited to reducing the range to , about half that of the same gun on a wheeled carriage. The maximum depression was , traverse was , and the vehicle could also carry a Bren light machine gun. By July 1942 had been built; as the last being built an order for a further placed, with an option for a further the tender was abandoned in favour of the American M7 105 mm SP howitzer, named "Priest" in British service.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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